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vere exercise or secondary to diseases that cause intestinal stasis,decreased feed intake or decreased absorption, such as anteriorenteritis, colic, and granulomatous enteritis.Infections are a frequent cause of cerebral disease:%u2022 Viral Encephalomyelitides: Rabies is of great importancebecause of its sporadic occurrence and potential zoonosis. Rabies should be considered in any horse with acutely developinglocal hyperesthesia, lameness, ataxia and dementia of less than10 days duration. Death usually occurs in these horses withinfive days after the onset of clinical signs.%u2022 Eastern, Western and Venezulen Equine Encephalomyelitides (EEE, WEE, VEE) occur sporadically throughout the U. S.These togaviruses are transmitted by biting insects and cause extensive inflammation of the cerebrum. Symptoms include progressive lethargy, unresponsive, aimlessly wandering, circling,and in some cases blindness.%u2022 West Nile Virus is transmitted by biting insects and oftenassociated with hypersensitivity and ataxia..%u2022 Equine herpes virus 1 encephalomyelitis is most often associated with a recent episode of upper respiratory disease andataxia.%u2022 Protozoal Encephalomyelitis with Sarcocystis most oftenimplicated. Neospora and Toxoplasma have also been found asa cause. Though most often associated with a assymetricalataxia, symptoms of dementia have occured when the organisimsettles in the cerebrum or brain stem.%u2022 Bacterial Meningitis is not often diagnosed because of thevague symptoms seen: depression, anorexia and weakness.Signs often progress to involve the cranial nerves and lead to cervical stiffness, ataxia, hypermetra, intention tremors, recumbency, opisthotomus, convulsions and coma. Signs may progressover several days in adult horses. Causes most often identified are:%u2022 Streptococcus equi (Bastard Strangles) cerebral abscesses arerare and can follow outbreaks of strangles on farms%u2022 .%u2022 Klebsiella pneumoniae%u2022 Actinomyces have been isolated from cerebrospinal fluid ofaffected horses.26 Arizona Horse Connection June, 2026continued on page 28standing: Cactus Quixote, aQha & vernons venom, aPhaRoping lessons for novice and youth.mark miller, trainerP.o. Box 6 %u2022 sonoita, arizona 85637 %u2022 (602) 531-5845